Dampak Konflik Rusia–Ukraina terhadap Keamanan Eropa Tahun 2022–2025
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71417/jchi.v2i2.241Kata Kunci:
Konflik Rusia–Ukraina, Keamanan Regional Eropa, Keamanan Non-Tradisional, Keamanan Energi, Keamanan PanganAbstrak
Konflik Rusia–Ukraina yang mencapai puncak eskalasi melalui invasi militer Rusia pada 24 Februari 2022 memberikan dampak signifikan terhadap keamanan kawasan Eropa. Konflik yang pada awalnya merupakan ancaman keamanan tradisional berkembang menjadi ancaman keamanan non-tradisional, khususnya pada sektor energi dan pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak konflik Rusia–Ukraina terhadap keamanan energi dan keamanan pangan di kawasan Eropa pada periode 2022–2025. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis melalui studi kepustakaan. Data diperoleh dari sumber primer dan sekunder, meliputi dokumen resmi Uni Eropa, laporan lembaga internasional, jurnal ilmiah, literatur terkait, serta hasil wawancara dengan Arief Muhammad Basalamah selaku Duta Besar Republik Indonesia untuk Ukraina sebagai data pendukung. Analisis menggunakan konsep keamanan tradisional, keamanan non-tradisional, dan Teori Kompleks Keamanan Regional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konflik menyebabkan penurunan pasokan energi Rusia ke Eropa, lonjakan harga gas dan listrik, peningkatan inflasi, serta tekanan terhadap sektor industri dan rumah tangga. Uni Eropa merespons melalui diversifikasi sumber energi, peningkatan impor gas alam cair, percepatan transisi energi terbarukan, dan penerapan REPowerEU Plan. Pada sektor pangan, perang, blokade Laut Hitam, dan berakhirnya Black Sea Grain Initiative mengganggu rantai pasok pangan dan meningkatkan harga pangan serta pupuk. Meskipun demikian, Uni Eropa mampu menjaga ketersediaan pangan melalui produksi domestik dan diversifikasi sumber impor. Konflik tersebut memperlihatkan pentingnya keamanan non-tradisional dalam menjaga stabilitas kawasan Eropa.
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