Menuju Code of Conduct yang Mengikat: Dinamika Negosiasi ASEAN–China dalam Sengketa Laut China Selatan

Ahfanza Nugraha El Pambajeng; Arviza Zulfara; Erinazila; Sintong Arion Hutapea

doi:10.71417/jchi.v1i2.10

Authors

Ahfanza Nugraha El Pambajeng Universitas Bangka Belitung Author
Arviza Zulfara Universitas Bangka Belitung Author
Erinazila Universitas Bangka Belitung Author
Sintong Arion Hutapea Universitas Bangka Belitung Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.71417/jchi.v1i2.10

Keywords:

ASEAN, China, Code of Conduct, Laut China Selatan, Sengketa Maritim

Abstract

Laut China Selatan merupakan kawasan strategis yang kaya sumber daya, namun menjadi sumber sengketa antara negara-negara ASEAN dan China. Untuk mengelola ketegangan, ASEAN dan China berupaya merumuskan Code of Conduct (COC) yang mengikat. Tulisan ini bertujuan mengkaji dinamika negosiasi COC pada April 2025, dengan fokus pada tantangan dan kemajuan. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis dokumen hukum internasional seperti UNCLOS 1982, DOC 2002, dan putusan PCA 2016, serta literatur akademik. Temuan menunjukkan perbedaan posisi antara ASEAN dan China, terutama terkait cakupan COC, status mengikat, dan mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa. Tantangan utama meliputi perbedaan interpretasi di dalam ASEAN, penolakan China terhadap putusan PCA, dan kesenjangan antara retorika dan praktik. Meski begitu, terdapat prospek menuju COC yang mengikat pada 2026, yang berimplikasi pada stabilitas kawasan dan penguatan hukum laut internasional. Kajian ini merekomendasikan solidaritas ASEAN dan penguatan peran UNCLOS.

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Author Biographies

Ahfanza Nugraha El Pambajeng, Universitas Bangka Belitung

S1 Fakultas Hukum, Konsentrasi Hukum Internasional
Arviza Zulfara, Universitas Bangka Belitung

S1 Fakultas Hukum, Konsentrasi Hukum Perdata
Erinazila, Universitas Bangka Belitung

S1 Fakultas Hukum, Konsentrasi Hukum Pidana
Sintong Arion Hutapea, Universitas Bangka Belitung

Dosen S1 Fakultas Hukum UBB, Magister Hukum UBB

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