Solidaritas, Kepemimpinan, dan Kepentingan Strategis: Diplomasi Kemanusiaan Indonesia dalam Respons Gempa Myanmar 2025
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71417/jchi.v2i2.252Keywords:
Diplomasi Kemanusiaan, AHA Centre, ASEAN, Indonesia, Respons Bencana, Gempa Myanmar 2025Abstract
Gempa magnitudo 7,7 yang melanda Myanmar pada 28 Maret 2025 menguji kapasitas ASEAN untuk menerjemahkan solidaritas regional menjadi respons kemanusiaan yang cepat dan terkoordinasi, namun tetap kompatibel dengan prinsip kedaulatan dan non-intervensi. Artikel ini menganalisis diplomasi kemanusiaan Indonesia melalui ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on Disaster Management (AHA Centre), serta menjelaskan hubungan antara kapasitas operasional, posisi institusional, komitmen politik tingkat tinggi, dan kepentingan strategis dalam respons tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan desain kualitatif studi kasus dengan analisis dokumen dan triangulasi sumber sekunder laporan AHA Centre dan ASEAN, dokumen resmi Pemerintah Indonesia, laporan kemanusiaan internasional, serta literatur akademik hingga 2026 dianalisis melalui kerangka teori organisasi internasional (instrumen, arena, aktor) dan konsep diplomasi kemanusiaan. Temuan menunjukkan empat mekanisme utama: (1) kapasitas teknis Indonesia melalui INASAR, Emergency Medical Team, logistik, dan personel ASEAN-ERAT memberi substansi operasional; (2) status Indonesia sebagai negara pendiri ASEAN dan tuan rumah AHA Centre memperkuat koordinasi tanpa memberi kontrol penuh atas organisasi regional; (3) keterlibatan Presiden dan Menteri Luar Negeri menghubungkan respons teknis dengan sinyal kepemimpinan regional; dan (4) bantuan kemanusiaan menghasilkan legitimasi, reputasi sebagai responsible regional actor, dan penguatan sentralitas ASEAN. Kasus Mandalay memperlihatkan model diplomasi kemanusiaan berlapis nationally enabled, regionally institutionalized, diplomatically leveraged yang menunjukkan bahwa solidaritas dan kepentingan nasional dapat berjalan selaras selama tunduk pada prinsip kemanusiaan dan mekanisme regional yang sah.
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