Batas Kewenangan Host State Control dalam Hilirisasi dan Divestasi Saham: Menyeimbangkan Kepentingan Nasional dan Perlindungan Investor Asingdi Sektor Pertambangan Mineral Indonesia

Authors

  • La Arofta Ilmy Al Bonadi Universitas Indonesia Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.71417/jchi.v2i2.260

Keywords:

host state control, hilirisasi, divestasi saham, indirect expropriation, fair and equitable treatment

Abstract

Kebijakan hilirisasi dan kewajiban divestasi saham merupakan instrumen host state control yang diterapkan Indonesia di sektor pertambangan mineral untuk memperkuat pengendalian negara atas kekayaan alam berdasarkan Pasal 33 UUD 1945. Namun, kebijakan tersebut berpotensi menimbulkan sengketa dengan investor asing, khususnya klaim indirect expropriation dan pelanggaran standar fair and equitable treatment (FET). Penelitian hukum normatif ini menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus melalui analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kewenangan negara dalam mengatur hilirisasi dan divestasi saham perlu dinilai melalui doktrin police powers, prinsip proporsionalitas, serta panduan UNCTAD mengenai ekspropriasi dan FET. Regulasi yang bertujuan publik yang sah, nondiskriminatif, proporsional, dan melalui prosedur yang layak cenderung berada dalam ruang police powers negara. Sebaliknya, regulasi yang menimbulkan interferensi berlebihan terhadap hak investor dan menghilangkan nilai investasi secara substansial dapat dikualifikasikan sebagai indirect expropriation, yang sah hanya jika disertai kompensasi dan, bila tidak, menimbulkan tanggung jawab negara. Perlindungan investor asing juga dapat ditempuh melalui penyelesaian sengketa investor-negara berdasarkan perjanjian investasi bilateral Indonesia yang berlaku. Selain itu, perubahan norma yang meniadakan ekspektasi sah investor yang dibentuk oleh jaminan spesifik negara tanpa justifikasi kepentingan publik yang memadai dapat melanggar standar FET. Oleh karena itu, kebijakan tersebut perlu diterapkan secara proporsional dan nondiskriminatif.

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Published

2026-11-13

How to Cite

Batas Kewenangan Host State Control dalam Hilirisasi dan Divestasi Saham: Menyeimbangkan Kepentingan Nasional dan Perlindungan Investor Asingdi Sektor Pertambangan Mineral Indonesia. (2026). Jurnal Cendekia Hukum Indonesia, 2(2), 527-545. https://doi.org/10.71417/jchi.v2i2.260

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